Texto 1: Connectivism

Connectivism is a learning theory for the digital age. Learning has changed over the last several decades. The

theories of behaviourism, cognitivism, and constructivism provide an effect view of learning in many environments.

They fall short, however, when learning moves into informal, networked, technology-enabled arena. Some principles

of connectivism:

ß The integration of cognition and emotions in meaning-making is important. Thinking and emotions influence

each other. A theory of learning that only considers one dimension excludes a large part of how learning

happens.

ß Learning has an end goal - namely the increased ability to "do something". This increased competence

might be in a practical sense (i.e. developing the ability to use a new software tool or learning how to skate)

or in the ability to function more effectively in a knowledge era (self-awareness, personal information

management, etc.). The "whole of learning" is not only gaining skill and understanding - actuation is a

needed element. Principles of motivation and rapid decision making often determine whether or not a

learner will actuate known principles.

ß Learning is a process of connecting specialized nodes or information sources. A learner can exponentially

improve their own learning by plugging into an existing network.

ß Learning may reside in non-human appliances. Learning (in the sense that something is known, but not

necessarily actuated) can rest in a community, a network, or a database.

ß The capacity to know more is more critical that what is currently known. Knowing where to find information

is more important than knowing information.

ß Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed to facilitate learning. Connection making provides far

greater returns on effort than simply seeking to understand a single concept.

Learning and knowledge rest in diversity of opinions.

Learning happens in many different ways. Courses, email, communities, conversations, web search, email lists,

reading blogs, etc. Courses are not the primary conduit for learning.

Different approaches and personal skills are needed to learn effectively in today's society. For example, the ability to

see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts is a core skill.

Organizational and personal learning are integrated tasks. Personal knowledge is comprised of a network, which

feeds into organizations and institutions, which in turn feed back into the network and continue to provide learning

for the individual. Connectivism attempts to provide an understanding of how both learners and organizations learn.

Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) is the intent of all connectivist learning.

Decision-making is itself a learning process. Choosing what to learn and the meaning of incoming information is seen

through the lens of shifting reality. While there is a right answer now, it may be wrong tomorrow due to alterations

in the information climate impacting the decision.

Learning is a knowledge creation process...not only knowledge consumption. Learning tools and design

methodologies should seek to capitalize on this trait of learning.

Fuente: http://www.connectivism.ca/about.html